Wash and slice the brinjal into thin round pieces. Soak them in salted water for 10 minutes to remove any bitterness. Drain and pat dry with a clean cloth.
In a mixing bowl, combine 200 grams of gram flour (besan), 1/2 teaspoon turmeric powder, 1/2 teaspoon red chili powder, 1/2 teaspoon garam masala, 1/2 teaspoon ajwain, a pinch of asafoetida (hing), salt to taste, and 1/4 teaspoon baking soda.
Gradually add water to the dry mixture and whisk until you get a smooth, thick batter. The consistency should be such that it coats the brinjal slices well.
Heat oil in a deep frying pan or kadai over medium heat. To check if the oil is hot enough, drop a small amount of batter into the oil. If it sizzles and rises to the surface, the oil is ready for frying.
Dip each brinjal slice into the batter, ensuring it is evenly coated on both sides. Carefully slide the coated brinjal slices into the hot oil.
Fry the pakoras in batches, turning occasionally, until they are golden brown and crispy. This should take about 3-4 minutes per batch.
Use a slotted spoon to remove the pakoras from the oil and drain them on paper towels to absorb excess oil.
Serve the baingan pakoras hot with green chutney or tomato ketchup.